4G and 5G throughput tests: assessing network performance

Introduction to flow testing

Definition

The 4G and 5G speed test enables you to test and measure the performance of mobile networks by evaluating download speed, data upload and latency. It enables users and businesses to check the quality of their connection and identify any network limitations. These tests are essential for improving the user experience, uncovering limitations and guaranteeing optimal access to digital services, particularly with the rise of 5G technology.

Test objectives

Flow tests are used to :

• Check connection speed: ensure that actual bandwidth corresponds to operator commitments.
• Analyze latency: measure network response time.
• Assess reliability: observe network stability according to time and location.
• Compare 4G and 5G: identify performance gains between these two network generations.

These tests help users to optimize their usage and enable operators to improve their infrastructures for better connectivity, particularly with the latest generations of mobile packages.

Differences between 4G and 5G

Technical specifications

The main difference between 4G and 5G lies in their ability to offer higher speeds and reduced latency. In theory, 4G can reach speeds of 1 Gbit/s, while 5G can go up to 10 Gbit/s under optimal conditions. However, these performances vary according to the environment, network density and frequencies used.

In addition to speed, 5G better manages simultaneous connections, an asset for busy locations such as stadiums and city centers.

Impact of latency

Latency, or network response time, is a decisive factor in the user experience. In 4G, average latency is around 30-50 ms, while in 5G it can fall below 10 ms. This increased responsiveness is particularly beneficial for :

• Online gaming: less delay between action and reaction in competitive games.
• Telemedicine: remote-assisted surgery with no perceptible delay.
• Autonomous vehicles: instantaneous exchanges with road infrastructures for rapid decision-making.

Flow test methodology

Tools and applications

Various tools are available for 4G and 5G speed tests, on Android and iOS alike:

• Speedtest by Ookla: measures download, upload and latency speeds.
• nPerf: evaluates connection quality, including streaming and browsing.
• Fast.com: quick test, useful for checking download speed.

Test conditions

To obtain reliable results, several factors need to be considered, including the smartphone used and the type of mobile connection.

• Location: coverage varies depending on the environment (outdoor, indoor, rural).
• Time of day: at peak times, performance may be affected.
• Device type: compatibility with certain 5G frequencies may influence results.
• Operator network: coverage and infrastructure impact performance.

Performing several tests at different times and locations enables a more accurate assessment of connection quality, whether fixed, WiFi or mobile.

Interpretation of results

Data analysis

A 4G and 5G throughput test assesses network performance and provides several key indicators:

• Download speed: measures the speed at which data is downloaded, essential for streaming and browsing.
• Upload: indicates the speed at which files are sent, useful for videoconferencing.
• Latency (ping): corresponds to network response time. A low value improves responsiveness.

Comparison with standards

The results obtained should be compared with standard benchmarks to assess network quality, and see if the connection is indeed indicated as optimal.

• 4G: download speed between 30 and 100 Mbit/s, upload speed between 10 and 50 Mbit/s, latency between 30 and 50 ms.
• 5G: downstream data rates up to several Gbit/s, upstream data rates over 100 Mbit/s, latency under 10 ms.

If results fall short of expectations, factors such as network congestion, antenna remoteness or interference may be to blame. Testing on a WiFi, ADSL or fiber connection enables you to compare and identify sources of slowdown. A weak result may also be due to poor network coverage or a problem with the SIM card. These analyses help users to better understand their connection, and enable operators to improve their infrastructures to ensure more stable and efficient connectivity.

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